Evaluation of pinhole castration technique compared with traditional method for castration in dogs

Castration is the most common routine surgical procedure in animals.The present investigation aimed to compare between two techniques of surgical castration [prescrotal and pinhole] in dogs. The study was performed on nine clinically healthy dogs weighing 20-30 kg and aged from 1-2 years, these animals were divided into three groups [prescrotal, bilateral pinhole and unilateral pinhole] and each group consists of three animals. Castration was done under the effect of xylazine -ketamine anaesthesia. Intra-operative and post-operative complications together with cortisol concentration and histopathological examination were reported. The result of this study revealed that no major intra and post-operative complications were observed in prescrotal technique. Healing score is better in prescrotal than pinhole technique while cortisol level was significantly higher in pinhole technique. It was concluded that prescrotal castration technique proved advantageous than pinhole one as it was less painful, simple and effective for male dog sterilization

Ultrasonographic imaging of the urinary tract pre and post experimental urethral obstruction in bucks

The purpose of this study is to throw a light on the validity of ultrasonographic examination of urinary tract pre and post urethral obstruction in Egyptian mixed breed non castrated bucks [male goats].Nine bucks were subjected to direct penile ligation at the distal bend of the sigmoid flexure after surgical exposure of the penis to induce urethral obstruction and subsequent urine retention. Clinical and ultrasonographic examinations were carried out immediately pre experimental urethral obstruction and continued periodically every 12 hrs, throughout 48 hrs. post experimental urethral obstruction. The Ultrasonographic appearance and measurements of urinary tract compartments were assessed and compared at different examination positions using linear array endorectal probe [7.5-2.6 MHZ] and convex array general purpose probe [6-2.6 MHZ]. Both kidneys were visualized ultrasonographically through transabdominal approach and the bladder was visualized through transabdominal and transrectal approaches in all bucks. Both of them revealed normal architexture, echogenicity and dimensions before ligation. The course of the urethra in the pelvis and in the penis was not imaged in any of the bucks before ligation. There were significant increase in kidneys and bladder dimensions after urethral obstruction. The proximal portion of the pelvic urethra was visualized clearly in all bucks 24 hrs. post urethral ligation. The course of the ureters was not visualized ultrasonographically by means of the transrectal or transbdominal approaches pre-and post experimental urethral obstruction. It could be concluded that using of ultrasonography is considered a good clinical diagnostic tool for examination of the urinary tract in bucks affected with urine retention

Growth advantage of CD34+cells in trisomy 8 high risk mids cases despite enhanced apoptotic signals

The essence of myelodysplastic syndrome [MDS] pathogenesis is damage of colony forming unit [CFU]with numerous reports implicating apoptosis. While low risk MDS showed enhanced intramedullary apoptosis, high risk MDS was associated with cellular proliferation giving the abnormal clone a growth advantage. Ninteen high risk MDS patients were studied for cellular apoptosis of bone marrow progenitors using tn-color flow cytometric quantification of CD34/Annexin/PU cells. Presence of cytogenetic abnormalities was detected using conventional analysis and FISH while bone marrow mononuclear cells' [BMMNC] survivin expression was evaluated using immunocytochemical examination of bone marrow cytospin preparations. The capacity for hematopoietic colony formation was performed using long term stem cell cultures. High risk MDS cases showed significantly higher percent of both apoptotic CD34/Annex1n*/PI cells and anti-apoptotic survivin cells compared to controls with significantly higher percent among trisomy 8 cases. Trisomy 8 cells showed a significant positive correlation with percent of apoptotic CD34/Annexin/PI cells and capacity for colony formation. The latter was significantly lower in MDS patients negative for trisomy 8 as compared to normal controls, while that of trisomy 8 cases was comparable to controls. Although trisomy 8 cells are in a pro-apoptotic state, they are checked by the enhanced expression of antiapoptotic signals which provide them with their proliferative advantage